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April 16, 2022March 25, 2022

What are the challenges of industrial/organizational psychology?

The following are some of the significant issues that industrial psychology has to deal with:
1. The Consultant and the Psychologist on Staff
2. Communication
3. Change Resistance.
Before getting into the techniques and substance of industrial psychology, it’s a good idea to go through some of the important issues that the field will have to deal with in the future.

1. The Consultant and the Staff Psychologist:

One of three major sources of work are likely to provide a living for the industrial psychologist. He is either a consultant, a company or government employee, or a university professor. He frequently blends two of the three roles, but his willingness to do so is determined on his interests, opportunity, level of identification, and tempo.

A “staff” psychologist is a psychologist who is directly hired full-time by a firm or government body. In general, the consultant’s and staff psychologist’s responsibilities and tasks overlap. In terms of the type of assignment, there is no evident distinction. The main difference is that a consultant may work for multiple clients or employers at the same time, but a staff psychologist has a more defined job in an organisation chart for a single employer.

2. Communication:

One of the challenges of any profession is that its vocabulary and approach can become so complicated that the outsider feels completely excluded. If industrial psychology is to acquire traction in the workplace, psychologists must learn to speak and write in a way that is easily understood by those who are just as concerned about the same issues as they are, and who may have a greater stake in a solution. Not only must the industrial psychologist learn to communicate effectively with non-psychologists, but there is also an issue with communication within the field.

The growing complexity of industrial psychology, as well as the specialisation of interest among psychologists working on various problems in various settings, has generated numerous hurdles to the flow and distribution of knowledge among researchers and practitioners. While such issues may be an unavoidable byproduct of a dynamic science, the authors believe that communication is one of the most pressing issues in industrial psychology today.

3. Resistance to Change:

Employees and, in many cases, employers are likely to be resistant to research findings as well as research itself. This problem must be quickly and permanently recognised by a successful industrial psychologist. It would be merely academic if one assumed that industry would welcome the use of industrial psychology expertise with open arms.

Change efforts, no matter how well-intentioned, produce threats and will be met with resistance. This opposition might take the shape of animosity and aggression directed at the change itself or the change’s administrator. Often, the employee envisions the nature of the change well before it becomes a possibility.

The resistance is strengthened by the unreality of the imagination. When changes are linked to speedups or layoffs, the opposition to any proposed adjustments becomes considerably stronger. It is insufficient to claim that no action that might be damaging to the employee’s well-being is being considered.

Employees, as well as all levels of management and the company, exhibit resistance. The gullible boss frequently demands research to back up his claim or position. It is impossible to provide such a promise. Research results are based on data and cannot be generated by manipulating data to conform to a pre-determined outcome.

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April 13, 2022March 25, 2022

Is business psychology the same as Organizational Psychology?

Is business psychology is same as Organizational Psychology

Clinical psychology, forensic psychology, educational psychology, and so on are all areas of study in psychology. The fields of industrial and organisational psychology and business psychology are likely to pique your interest if you’re interested in applying psychology to the business sector. We’ve highlighted some of the significant differences between the two, as well as degree programme options in I/O and Business Psychology.

What is Industrial|Organizational Psychology?

The study of the workplace is known as industrial and organisational psychology, or I/O psychology.

I/O psychology, according to the American Psychological Association, uses concepts from decision theory, small group theory, and criteria theory to real-world workplace circumstances. Employee engagement, organisational culture, retention, productivity, morale, and team building are all studied in this discipline.

Individual employees, groups, management teams, and consultants can collaborate with industrial and organisational psychologists to improve workplace procedures. I/O psychology is “a standardised skillset” that comprises personnel selection, workplace training, company development, human resources, and consultancy, according to Dr. Jeremy Nicholson, a TCSPP professor of behavioural economics.

What is business psychology?

While I/O psychology focuses on more particular and personal workplace issues like engagement and morale, business psychology applies psychological principles to broader broad-based issues.
Corporate strategy, stakeholder interactions, market performance, and broader business operations are among these topics. Assessment and intervention skills are used by professionals who are familiar with the junction of psychology and business to examine high-level issues and make recommendations to a corporate leadership team.
Consultants, programme directors, and organisational development specialists are all examples of business psychology careers. Firm psychologists frequently work with senior management teams, business owners, and board members.

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April 8, 2022March 26, 2022

5 stages of Team Development

5 Stages of Team Development

Team development is the process of learning to work well with others. In order for a team to be productive, its members must be able to collaborate and contribute to the team’s goals. However, this does not happen by itself; it emerges when the team works together. You’ve most likely been assigned to a group to collaborate on a school assignment or project. When your team first meets, you’re likely to sit around and stare at each other, unsure of where to start. You are not a team at first; you are just individuals who have been assigned to work together. You come to know each other over time, learn what to anticipate from one other, how to divide labour and assign duties, and how to coordinate your efforts. You begin to function as a team rather than a collection of individuals as a result of this process. According to research, teams go through several stages of development. An educational psychologist named Bruce Tuckman identified a five-stage development process that most teams follow to achieve high performance. The stages were dubbed “shaping,” “storming,” “norming,” “performing,” and “adjourning,” according to him.

Forming stage

A period of orientation and getting to know one another is included in the formation stage. Uncertainty is strong at this point, and people are yearning for authority and guidance. Control may be sought from a person who exerts authority or is knowledgeable. Members of the team are asking questions like, “What does the team have to give me?” ” “Can you tell me what is required of me? “Will I be accepted? ” As members learn to know one another, the majority of interactions are social.

Storming stage

Storming is the most hardest and dangerous step to get through. Individual personalities emerge during this period, which is characterised by conflict and competitiveness. In this stage, team performance may actually suffer as energy is diverted to ineffective activities. Subgroups and cliques may form around strong personalities or areas of agreement as members dispute on team goals. Members must overcome barriers, accept individual differences, and work through conflicting opinions on team responsibilities and goals to get through this stage. This is where teams might become bogged down. Failure to resolve conflicts can lead to long-term issues.

Norming stage

It’s easier to see what everyone is doing when teams work in the same place. Designers consult with product managers for guidance, and product managers consult with analysts on user data and reports. You can see and hear the development that is being accomplished. Because you can’t see what individuals are working on, it’s different for remote marketing teams. To address this issue, implement procedures that allow designers, for example, to monitor how material is evolving and estimate when they will be able to complete their revisions.

Performing stage

Consensus and cooperation are well-established in the performing stage, and the team is mature, organised, and well-functioning. There is a clear and stable framework in place, and everyone is dedicated to the team’s goals. Problems and disagreements continue to arise, but they are addressed in a productive manner. (In the next section, we’ll talk about the function of conflict and how to resolve it.) The team is concentrating on problem-solving and achieving team objectives.

Adjourning stage

The majority of the team’s objectives have been met at this point. The focus is on completing last tasks and recording effort and outcomes. Individual members may be shifted to other teams as the workload decreases, and the team may disintegrate. As the team comes to a conclusion, a ceremonial acknowledgement of the team’s labour and achievement can be beneficial. If the team is a standing committee with ongoing responsibilities, members can be replaced, and the team can return to the formation or storming stage and begin the development process again.

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April 4, 2022March 26, 2022

Different types of psychological testing are used in organizations.

Different Types of Psychological Testing Used in the Organization.

It’s difficult to talk about different types of psychological examinations in general. Choosing the appropriate psychological tests for use in the business can be a difficult undertaking. According to the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP), hundreds of psychological tests are available to assist employers in making decisions. However, there are only three types of psychological tests that are used in the workplace. Choosing the right psychological test will be immeasurably easier once you know what types of psychological tests are available and best for your business, or more specifically, what types of psychological tests for an industrial setting or psychological tests for employment are best suited for a small business.

What Is a Psychological Test for Employment?

A psychological test for employment, from the perspective of an employer or a small business owner or manager, can assist assess whether a job candidate will be a suitable fit for the organisation. For a small business, hiring an employee may be an expensive procedure, and employing the incorrect staff can be disastrous. According to the Institute, a psychological exam for employment allows the business owner to decide whether the applicant is a suitable fit for the organisation. Is he the suitable temperament or ability for the job? Is he physically or mentally capable of performing a competent job for the company? Before a company recruits a new employee, many forms of psychological assessments can be used to help answer these issues. Employers can use a psychological test offered to current employees to not only develop better communication among employees, but also to select which individuals to promote and to what positions, as well as which teams to assign them to. Knowing what types of workplace assessments are available can go a long way toward assisting a company in hiring or promoting the best people for their needs and culture.

What Are the Different Types of Psychological Tests for the Workplace?

A psychological exam for work, often known as a pre-employment test, is a sort of psychological assessment. All sorts of psychological exams, or all types of psychological tests for an industrial setting, according to SIOP, fall into three categories:

Biographical data instruments, which use questions on education, training, work experience, and interests to predict job success, generally seek information on a candidate’s leadership and teamwork skills, interpersonal skills, extraversion, and creativity. According to SIOP, “certain biographical data tools also inquire about an individual’s opinions, personal appraisals of skills, and personality.”
Cognitive ability tests, often known as aptitude tests, are questions or problems that are used to assess a candidate’s capacity to learn rapidly and apply logic, reasoning, reading comprehension, and other mental qualities that are necessary for success in a variety of vocations. According to SIOP, these tests “evaluate a person’s aptitude or capacity to handle job-related challenges by providing information about their mental talents.”
Extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to new experiences, optimism, agreeableness, service orientation, stress tolerance, emotional stability, and initiative or proactivity are all traits measured by personality tests. According to SIOP, “Personality assessments primarily examine attributes relevant to work behaviour, interpersonal interactions, and satisfaction with various parts of work.”

Regardless of the sort of psychological test used in the workplace by a small business, the objective is to choose an instrument that assists a company in identifying the applicant who best fits the organization’s structure and culture. The sorts of workplace psychological assessments differ, but the goal is to figure out which type of workplace evaluation is ideal for your company.

Using the right psychology test, whether it’s a biographical data, cognitive ability, or personality test, or a combination of these elements, can help you hire or promote the right candidates, and avoid the disaster of bringing on the wrong kind of employee who will underperform and even damage morale at your company.

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April 1, 2022March 26, 2022

Application of Psychological Testing in Organizational Setting

A psychological test is used to assess a person’s many talents, such as their ability in a specific subject, cognitive processes such as memory and spatial recognition, and even personality qualities such as introversion. These exams are based on psychological theories that have been scientifically validated. A test’s format might range from pencil and paper to computer-based assignments. Puzzles, painting, logic problem solving, and memory games are among the activities available. Some examinations also employ projective techniques, which try to gain access to the unconscious. In these cases, rather than using nonprojective procedures, the subject’s replies are examined using psychological interpretation and more complicated algorithms. The Rorschach test, often known as the ink-blot test, for example, might provide information about a person’s personality and emotional functioning. Observing someone’s relationships and behaviour may also be part of a psychological test. An inference regarding the individual’s innate abilities and potential will be drawn based on the test results.

Organisational Setting

From talent acquisition to talent development, psychometric tests are employed at every level of an organization’s talent management process. Psychometric exams help organisations succeed by ensuring that the best individuals for essential roles are hired, identified, and developed. Psychometric assessments are used throughout the employee life cycle, whether for employee engagement, appraisals, identifying training needs, leadership development, or succession planning. Right from hiring to training and development, the relevance of psychometric tests is unquestionable. During hiring, the usage of psychometric testing helps recruiters understand a prospect beyond what is obvious on the CV. Psychometric tests, when used on an existing employee, pave the way for a fruitful development process by assessing abilities and attitudes. Psychometric testing in the hiring process results in better hires, employee engagement, and lower attrition rates for companies that use it.

Psychometric tests used at the start of the application process minimise the need to wade through a large number of applications. The use of psychometric testing means that the time to employ is reduced, as is the cost of hiring, with a significantly lower risk of incorrect hiring. The most typical purpose of a recruitment agenda is to fill vacancies with qualified candidates. Interviews do not measure aptitude in and of itself. Psychometric exams offer you with a benchmark – a comparison of your findings to those of other applicants and former hires who are now succeeding in your firm. Psychometric tests can be used to determine a manager’s cognitive and behavioural competencies, as well as his or her personality type. This knowledge is essential for determining whether or not a manager has the necessary temperament and abilities to lead their team.

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March 30, 2022March 26, 2022

Use of Psychometric test in Recruitment Process in the organization.

Use of Psychometric Tests in the Process of Recruitment

According to a poll performed by the Society for Human Resource Management, over 18 percent of employers use personality tests in the hiring process. According to numerous industrial and organisational psychologists, as well as the Association for Test Publishers, this number is increasing at a pace of 10-15% per year. The structure of today’s organisations has evolved as a result of the industrial revolution, necessitating continuous adjustments in procedures. The demand for competent talent has increased as a result of the more specialised workforce and skilled nature of job. Employers have long struggled to find qualified individuals, and a variety of tactics have been used to attract, screen, train, and retain skilled workers. Psychometrics is one of the most recent developments in the recruitment of qualified people.

Psychometric testing techniques attempt to screen candidates by identifying desired characteristics. Such testing procedures have existed in various forms for millennia, and they have been employed to varying degrees of effectiveness. Unfortunately, far too many businesses apply the wrong psychometric evaluations in the wrong situations. Here’s what businesses should know to reduce potential dangers and improve the prediction accuracy of these testing.

Understand the law. When adding psychometric tests to their pre-employment screening system, organisations, hiring managers, and HR must keep regulatory compliance in mind. Assessment instruments (particularly cognitive ability tests) must be job-relevant and well-validated according to anti-discrimination regulations. Because of the Americans with Disabilities Act, testing in the United States must typically respect privacy and not attempt to “diagnose” candidates in any way.

Recognize your company’s requirements. If you don’t have well-established measurements of work performance, psychometric testing won’t help you. Organizations frequently place a greater emphasis on the predictors, or “independent variables,” than on the outcomes, or “dependent variables.” There is no basis for statistical correlations of how effectively psychometric exams (or any other kind of candidate evaluation for that matter) predict performance if a firm does not have quantitative measures of employee performance on the job. Once you’ve figured out what your company requires, make sure you select a test that will really evaluate those qualities. While there are rules prohibiting firms from discriminating against candidates or breaching their privacy, there are no regulations prohibiting companies from employing unusual or flawed assessment methods.

Reduce your chances of being caught cheating. Organizations should “proctor” assessment tests, either by having candidates take the assessments in their offices or by monitoring candidates via video conference if they are remote, to avoid the possibility that candidates will ask others to take tests on their behalf, particularly cognitive ability tests.

Remember that some candidates may feel compelled to “game” the system. To see if the candidate’s references and interview evaluations are consistent, compare them to their outcomes. If a sales candidate appears shy and understated in interviews and her references describe her as quiet and introspective, but tests as a people person who needs to be in the spotlight all of the time, this discrepancy may raise the question of whether the applicant is attempting to engage in “impression management” in order to appear as a more ideal candidate.

Some psychometric tests have built-in measures to determine whether a candidate’s pattern of responses reflects an attempt to appear a certain way or if the candidate’s answers are inconsistent. Organizations can receive a more consistent picture by using various psychometric tests. But don’t go overboard. Even a well-designed, legally sound, and predictive assessment battery will be ineffective if candidates perceive it to be excessively time-consuming or intrusive.

Candidates should be informed of the test results. While “informed consent” allows candidates the right to examine their results in most psychological research, few organisations give applicants access to the reports based on the psychometric tests they take. Candidates are frequently asked to sign a form renouncing their right to examine their findings. Regardless of whether a candidate receives or accepts an offer of employment, there are ethical and practical reasons to share results.

A well-validated, job-relevant psychometric test report can be beneficial to any candidate. Candidates who receive and accept offers will see the reports as a useful starting point for discussions regarding their “onboarding,” while those who do not receive or accept an offer will value the organization’s professional politeness in sharing the feedback with them.

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March 28, 2022March 26, 2022

5 Personality Tests Useful for Organizational Psychologists

5 Personality Tests Useful for Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

Employers are expediting their staffing processes thanks to personality tests recommended by industrial-organizational psychologists. Character evaluations reveal a person’s basic characteristics. Personality profiles benefit employers in staff selection since these attributes influence job performance.

Not all of the tests provided are scientifically sound or appropriate to corporate environments. Here are five trustworthy personality tests with useful results.

DiSC Assessment

The personality of a person is assessed using four behavioural categories: dominance, influence, steadiness, and conscientiousness. Specific characteristics distinguish each type of behaviour, as follows:

Dominance – firm, tenacious, results-oriented, and direct
Influence – Positive, energetic, enthusiastic, and extroverted people.
Steadiness – calm, patient, accommodating, and tactful
Conscientiousness – Analytical, logical, precise
The acronym “DiSC” is formed by the first letters of these behaviours. Its core idea is that everyone embodies all four behaviour patterns, but that one is the most operative, as this test reveals.

Employers can benefit from DiSC in three ways: hiring, training, and resolving interpersonal issues. When interviewing a candidate, for example, their personality profile can indicate whether or not they are qualified for the position. Teaching can be tailored to a staff member’s learning style when they are being trained. When conflicts emerge among employees, it is easier to negotiate if you understand their behavioural patterns.

Hogan Personality Inventory

Drs. Robert and Joyce Hogan, the first psychologists to illustrate the link between personality and job success, created the Hogan Personality Index (HPI). HPI looks for skilled people that meet two criteria: a lively personality and vocational strengths.

To begin, HPI identifies seven desirable characteristics: ambition, flexibility, sociability, empathy, discretion, curiosity, and openness to learning. It also looks at professional abilities. These qualities include being dependable, level-headed, and service-oriented, as well as clerical, sales, or management abilities. Leaders and followers are distinguished by their occupational scores.

Interviews are more efficient when HPI is used, as it matches candidates to roles where their skills can shine. Teamwork is more likely to emerge as a result of onboarding people who fit the corporate culture. Furthermore, training programmes can be tailored to the specific needs of employees, allowing them to further their careers.

Occupational Personality Questionnaire

This tool assesses a person’s suitability for a certain profession, team, and work environment. OPQ32 is the most comprehensive of the various test versions available. The questions are designed to examine 32 personality qualities that are relevant to work environments. In three categories — thoughts, feelings, and relationships — the answers reveal one’s work style.

The OPQ32 is a 104-question test that takes 45 minutes to an hour to complete. Each question has four assertions about how people behave in the workplace. The job seeker selects the traits that are most and least similar to them. Here is an example of a question:

“Which of the following adjectives best defines you – pleasant, confident, team player, leader?” This test design is referred to as “ipsative” by industrial psychologists since it forces particular choices rather than a scale rating. The questionnaire is used by employers for hiring, team development, and nurturing future leaders. With a 25-year track record, the OPQ is a favourite among industrial-organizational psychologists.

Caliper Profile

This is one of the most complete personality tests accessible right now. The Caliper Profile uses 22 traits to find prospects for leadership roles, including assertiveness, empathy, discernment, and flexibility. The test successfully predicts work success in supervisory and executive jobs because it reveals managerial strengths.

The Caliper Profile is divided into five sections, each with 180 multiple-choice and true/false questions. The majority of them require picking statements that reflect one’s work orientation the most or least. Puzzles and problem-solving exercises are also featured. In most cases, candidates finish the evaluation in 112 hours. Industrial-organizational psychologists interpret the findings for employers after data analysis. Ideal applicants are placed at the top of the employment pool since profiles are updated on a regular basis.

16 Personality Factor Questionnaire

This test predicts how people would react in specific work circumstances. Its idea is that we all have 16 qualities or “personality factors,” such as boldness, sensitivity, and warmth, which are abbreviated as 16PF. Our work styles, on the other hand, are governed by our strong personality traits. In theory, 16PF is similar to DiSC, but its design is longer, resulting in more detailed profiles.

16PF has 185 multiple-choice sections, compared to DiSC’s 28 statements, and takes an average of 30 minutes to complete. Each part has multiple statements that require a person to rate their agreement on a five-point scale. Following that, each trait is given a low or high ranking based on the results of the test.

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